Background and Methods

In machine learning problems, we encounter categorical features very often, such as gender, address, zip code, etc. For low cardinality attributes, which only takes a small number of possible values, one hot encoding (OHE) is widely used. This encoding scheme represents each value of the original categorical …

Geopy is a useful python package to deal with spatial data, such as locating the coordinates of addresses, cities, countries, and landmarks or reverse. In the Two Sigma Connect Competition in Kaggle, I found that some of the given latitude longitude do not match the addresses, so I use Geopy …

In text analysis, creating word clouds is a useful technique to visualize text data. Words bigger and bolder in size represent a higher frequency of occurance in word corpus. In other word, key words stand out and catch our eyes. The color of the text are generated randomly.

It is …